Endovascular management of renal angiomyolipomas: Do coils have a benefit in terms of clinical success rates?

PURPOSEThis study evaluated single center results of endovascular treatment in renal angiomyolipoma (AML) to determine whether there is clinical relevance of adding proximal coil embolization to distal particle embolization in terms of safety, efficacy and retreatment rates.METHODSA retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate patients undergoing transarterial embolization for renal AMLs from January 2007 to October 2020. Parameters regarding patient and tumor characteristics, embolization technique, treatment outcome and complications were recorded. Patients were divided into two groups as A (only particle group) and B (particle + coil group) based on the type of embolic agent used for treatment. Comparative analysis was performed between the two groups in terms of tumor size reduction, retreatment and complication rates.RESULTForty-two patients (37 (88.1%) female, 5 (11.9%) male) harboring 48 AMLs were included in the study. The mean age was 43.46 (range 20 to 78). The technical success rate was 95.8% (46 of 48 procedures). The mean size reduction was 1.94±1 cm (p < 0.001) after treatments however, no significant difference was seen between groups in terms of tumor size reduction. Retreatment rates were 3.1% (1 of 32 cases) in group A and 14.3% (2 of 14 cases) in group B (p = 0.21). No significant difference was found between groups in terms of bleeding and complication rates during the perioperative period. Mean follow-up duration was 26.48±25.71 (range from 2 to 102) months. CONCLUSIONIn this study, no clear supplementary benefit was observed in terms of safety, and efficacy with the adjunction of coils to distal particle embolization in the management of AMLs

Mikrodenetleyici kullanarak kavşak kontrol cihazı tasarımı ve kontrol eğitiminde kullanılması

Artan nüfus ile birlikte seyahat eden insan sayısı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Özellikle ülkemizde karayolu ulaşımı diğer ulaşım yöntemlerine göre çok daha fazla kullanılmaktadır. İstanbul' da deniz yolu ulaşımı 2001 verilerine göre %6' lık bir paya sahip iken karayolu %90' lık bir seyir izlemektedir. Dolayısı ile trafiğin kontrolü problemi artan trafik sorunlarıyla birlikte gün geçtikçe önemli bir sorun haline gelmektedir. Ayrıca trafik kontrolü ile ilgili kurum ve kuruluşlarda uzman personel sayısı son derece sınırlıdır. Trafiğin kontrolündeki en önemli birimlerden biride Kavşak Kontrol Cihazları' dır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, trafiğin kontrolü olgusunu öğrenciye kavratmak için bir kavşak kontrol cihazı tasarlamaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda mikrodenetleyici kontrollü bir kavşak kontrol cihazı tasarlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Sinyal sürelerinin hesaplanması için bir yazılım geliştirilmiştir. Kavşak kontrol cihazının çalışma modunun seçimi bilgisayar seri port üzerinden bilgisayarla haberleştirilerek yapılmıştır. Trafik kontrolündeki temel parametreleri ve bunlar arasındaki ilişkileri içeren ders notları hazırlanmıştır. 80C535 mikrodenetleyicisi çevresinde bir kavşak kontrol cihazı tasarlanmıştır. Ayrıca Avustralya yöntemine göre sinyal sürelerini hesaplayan, delphi programlama diliyle yazılmış, seri port üzerinden kavşak kontrol cihazı ile haberleşebilen bir program geliştirilmiştir. Kavşak kontrol cihazının seri port üzerinden bilgisayarla haberleştirilmesi ile sabit zamanlı çalışma moduna göre çok daha verimli sonuçlar verdiği yapılan çalışmalarla tespit edilmiş trafik uyarımlı çalışma modu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Trafiğin kontrolü olgusunu kavşak kontrol cihazı donanımı ve yazılımı çerçevesinde öğrenciye aktarmak için deney föyleri de hazırlanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen donanım mikrodenetleyici ve benzeri derslerin labaratuarlarında da kullanılabilecek nitelikte olduğundan deney föyleri donanımın kullanımına yönelik çalışmalar da içermektedir. Bu çalışmada daha önce tez çalışması olarak gerçekleştirilmiş sabit zamanlı çalışan kavşak kontrol cihazlarına göre farklı olarak trafik uyarımlı çalışabilen bir kavşak kontrol cihazı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen, Avustralya yöntemine göre sinyal sürelerini hesaplayan yazılım daha da geliştirilir ise mevcut trafik simulasyon programlarına alternatif olabilecek özelliklere sahiptir. ABSTRACT By the increase of population, the number of travelers rises day by day.Especially in our country, highways are much more used than other ways of transportation. According to 2001 data, in Istanbul, maritime line has a portion of %6 whilst highway has %90. So by the increase of traffic problems, control of the traffic becomes more and more important. And also the number of expert personnel, who are in the institutes that are in charge of traffic jam, is very limited. One of the most important elements in controlling the traffic is intersection control equipment. The main purpose of this is to make the student create this kind of apparatus in order to get the concept of controlling the traffic. For this reason, a micro controlled intersection control equipment had been designed. A software had been created for calculating of signal periods. The choice of the intersection control equipment working mod had been done via the communication over a computer's serial port. The lecture notes that includes basic parameters of traffic control and the connections between them had been prepared. An intersection control equipment that includes a 80C535 micro controller had been designed. And also a software that calculates signal periods according to Australian method and communicates with the intersection control equipment over serial port had been created by the programming language Delphi. It is proved that, the communication of intersection control equipment over serial port of a computer is more efficient than fixed time working method. The experiment pages had been prepared in order to give the concept of traffic control in the frames of software and hardware of intersection control equipment to the student. Because the created apparatus may also be used in the lectures of micro controllers etc.; the experiment pages has studies about the usage of hardware. In this study, an intersection control equipment, which is been stimulated by the traffic actuated, had been created and it becomes different from the previous thesis examples of intersection control equipment that has fixed time. If the software, which calculates the signal periods according to Australian method, is improved; it will be an alternating solution for the current traffic simulation programs

Solution of inverse scattering problems related to three dimensional objects buried into two half-sapce media via born approximation and contrast source based methods

Yapılan tez çalışmasında iki parçalı uzaya gömülü üç boyutlu cisimlerin elektromanyetik ve geometrik özelliklerinin belirlenmesine yönelik ters elektromanyetik saçılma problemi ele alınmıştır. Problemin çözümü için, Born Yaklaşımı tabanlı yöntemler olan DBIM, VBIM, bunların alt uzay tabanlı versiyonları olan SDBIM ve SVBIM ile kontrast kaynak tabanlı yöntemler olan CSI ve bunun genişletilmiş versiyonu olan ECSI yöntemleri ayrı ayrı uygulanmış ve performans açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. SDBIM ve SVBIM yöntemlerinin tabaklı ortamlara gömülü ve üç boyutlu cisimlere ilişkin ters saçılma problemlerine uygulanmasını içeren bir çalışma literatürde mevcut değildir. Ayrıca ele alınan Born Yaklaşımı tabanlı yöntemlerin çözüm algoritmalarına en iyi uyum (best fit) olarak adlandırılan ve tez çalışmasında geliştirilen bir iyileştirme önerilmiştir. Sunulan sayısal sonuçlar ile önerilen iyileştirmenin katkısı ortaya koyulmuştur. Farklı geometrik ve dielektrik senaryolar için sayısal sonuçlar verilerek yöntemlerin yeniden yapılandırma (reconstruction) başarıları karşılaştırılmıştır.In the thesis study, the problem of inverse electromagnetic scattering to determine the dielectric and geometric properties of three-dimensional objects embedded in two-part space media has been discussed. For the solution of the problem, Born approach-based methods DBIM, VBIM, their subspace-based versions SDBIM and SVBIM, and contrast source-based methods CSI and its extended version, ECSI methods have been applied separately and compared in terms of their performance. A study involving the application of SDBIM and SVBIM methods to inverse scattering problems embedded in stratified media and three dimensional objects has not been found in the literatüre. In addition a developer, called best-fit, that provides an improvement in Born-based algorithms has also been proposed in this study. The numerical results presented and the contribution of the proposed improvement have been revealed. Numerical results are given for different geometric and dielectric scenarios, and the reconstruction successes of the proposed methods are compared

Design and Development of an Intelligent Biomechatronic Tumor Prosthesis

Nowadays, bone cancer patients using expandable prostheses (EPs) have to go to the clinic frequently to determine the limb length and to perform the extension if necessary, as long as their age-based growth lasts. This situation brings along problems such as increased physician workload, the patient's exposure to radiation at each measurement, a larger rate of extension due to the long interval period between each extension and thus reducing patient comfort as well as making the daily life of the patient difficult. In this study, a biomechatronic tumor prosthesis which is able to determine the need for extension by means of its hardware and intelligent control structure was developed to eliminate the aforementioned problems. Mechanical analysis of the designed prosthesis has been performed in the simulation environment, the prototype of the prosthesis has been produced, wireless communication and control system have been created and the performance of the system has been tested on the experimental setup. Limb length discrepancies (LLDs) of 1 mm and above between the healthy limb and the limb with a prosthesis were able to be detected by the system, and prosthesis extension procedure was successfully performed against the maximum soft tissue resistance to be possibly encountered.Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi 2016-06-04-DOP0

Comparison of Classification Algorithms for Detecting Patient Posture in Expandable Tumor Prostheses

Autonomous tumor prostheses are extended without the need of a clinic and of a medical supervision. It is necessary to make sure that the patient is not standing before extending these prostheses. This study aims to determine the posture of the patient for expandable tumor prostheses by employing oft-used three machine learning-based classification methods through comparing them all with each other. Patient posture is determined by using accelerometer and gyroscope data from inertial control unit placed in autonomous expandable tumor prosthesis. By using the created dataset, 48 features are extracted. Then, for optimization, with feature selection, the number of features is reduced to 10. The selected features are processed using the decision tree, the k-nearest neighborhood and support vector machine algorithms. These algorithms were compared with each other using machine learning performance parameters. Accuracy, recall, precision and F-score values are calculated and compared. Consequently, support vector machine is determined as the most successful technique. Then, the model is tested on the experimental setup developed within the scope of the study, and the posture is determined. It is found that with this system, in the presence of a load on the prosthesis, it can be accurately detected at a rate of 97.1% (the recall parameter).Research Fund of the Yildiz Technical UniversityYildiz Technical University [2016-06-04-DOP01]This work was supported by Research Fund of the Yildiz Technical University. Project Number: 2016-06-04-DOP01.WOS:0005379435000152-s2.0-8508743614

Pre-clinical validation and risk management of autonomous tumor prosthesis using FMEA approach

Since prostheses are biomedical devices implanted directly on the patient's body, they carry a higher risk compared to other engineering products. In the development process, it is a critical issue to identify potential errors and malfunctions that may arise during the clinical use of prostheses and to take precautions against them. Autonomous tumor prostheses have a higher risk than any other prosthesis due to its extension capacity of approximately 100 mm, having a large battery in its structure and performing non-clinical extension without physician control. In this study, the risk analysis of the autonomous tumor prosthesis previously developed by the authors was performed using the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) method. In order to determine potential failure risks, a literature review was performed on clinical errors of tumor prostheses. In addition, malfunctions caused by each component of the prosthesis have been identified. Risk Priority Number (RPN) values are calculated for each risk determined. The design of the prosthesis was changed by taking the necessary precautions for the risks with high RPN values. After taking the necessary precautions, the RPN values of the risks that the prosthesis still carries have been recalculated and discussed. As a result of the measures taken, the RPN values of all risks were reduced to below the threshold value that was generally accepted. © 2020 International University of Sarajevo.Yildiz Teknik Üniversitesi: 2016-06-04-DOP01This work was supported by Research Fund of the Yildiz Technical University. Project Number: 2016-06-04-DOP01.2-s2.0-8508897450

Human impedance parameter estimation using artificial neural network for modelling physiotherapist motion.

Physiotherapy (physical therapy) is a form of therapy aimed at regaining patients their bodily limb motor functions. The use of what are called therapeutic exercise robots for such purposes is gradually increasing. Therapeutic exercise robots have been developed for lower and upper limbs. These robots lighten the workload of physiotherapists (PTs) by providing the movements on patients' relevant limbs. In order to get robots to perform the movements that the PT expects the patient to perform, it is required to determine the mechanical impedance parameters (inertia, stiffness and damping) due to the contact between the PT and patient's limb's, and to ensure that the robot moves according to these parameters. The aim of this study is to estimate these impedance parameters by using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Data from experiments on real subjects were used to train the network, and success was obtained using new data not presented to the network before. Subsequently, the previously acquired output was re-directed to the network with the purpose of developing a network, which can learn more accurately. Results have provided the designed ANN structure can generate necessary impedance parameter value to imitate PT motions.TÜBİTAK 104M01